PKCε promotes human Th17 differentiation: Implications in the pathophysiology of psoriasis

PKCε is implicated in T cell activation and proliferation and is overexpressed in CD4+-T cells from patients with autoimmune Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Although this might induce the suspicion that PKCε takes part in autoimmunity, its role in the molecular pathophysiology of immune-mediated disorders is still largely unknown. We studied PKCε expression in circulating CD4+-T cells from patients with psoriasis, a skin disorder characterized by an increased amount of Th17 cells, a CD4+subset that is critical in the development of autoimmunity. Although the mechanisms that underlie Th17 differentiation in humans are still unclear, we here show that: (i) PKCε is overexpressed in CD4+-T cells from psoriatic patients, and its expression positively correlates with the severity of the disease, being reduced by effective phototherapy; (ii) PKCε interacts with Stat3 during Th17 differentiation and its overexpression results in an enhanced expression of Stat3 and pStat3(Ser727); iii) conversely, when PKCε is forcibly downregulated, CD4+-T cells show lower levels of pStat3(Ser727) expression and defective in vitro expansion into the Th17-lineage. These data provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of Th17 cell polarization that is known to play a crucial role in autoimmunity, pinpointing PKCε as a potential target in Th17-mediated diseases.