The Tiber Island in the history of dermatology and venereology, including the curious history of “K syndrome,” the fictitious disease that scared the Nazis

Tiber Island in Rome has a rich history as a center of worship and health care. Its origins date back to ancient times, with the establishment of the Temple of Asclepius marking its role in healing practices. Over centuries, it evolved into a hub for medical innovation and refuge during epidemics and conflicts. During World War II, Fatebenefratelli Hospital on Tiber Island played a pivotal role in sheltering Jews from Nazi persecution. Using a fictitious disease termed “K syndrome,” doctors helped endangered Jewish patients evade capture and deportation to concentration camps by exploiting Nazi fears of contagion. Patients diagnosed with “K syndrome” were shielded from apprehension, highlighting the hospital's innovative tactics to save lives amidst wartime atrocities. This episode underscores the hospital's courageous efforts and enduring legacy as a beacon of compassion in the face of adversity.