Interventional Imaging of the Tricuspid Valve

Nowadays, reasonable transcatheter tricuspid valve (TV) interventions are emerging as therapeutic options for functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR). The preprocedural planning is based on a multimodality imaging approach, which aims to (1) define the mechanisms of TR, (2) characterize TV morphology, (3) analyze the anatomic relationship between the TV apparatus and other structures, and (4) determine the size of the tricuspid annulus and vena cavae. Intraprocedural guidance is based mainly on transesophageal echocardiography (seldom transthoracic) and fluoroscopy, with the recent introduction of fusion imaging.