Angiotensin II infusion and markers of organ function in invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients

Objective: The use of angiotensin II in invasively ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is controversial. Its effect on organ function is unknown.Design: Prospective observational study.Setting: Intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary academic hospital in Milan, Italy.Participants: Adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation due to COVID-19.Interventions: Use angiotensin II either as rescue vasopressor agent or as low dose vasopressor support.Main outcome measures: Patients treated before angiotensin II was available or treated in an adjacent COVID-19 ICU served as controls. For data analysis, we applied Bayesian modelling as appropriate. We assessed the effects of angiotensin II on organ function.Results: We compared 46 patients receiving angiotensin II therapy with 53 controls. Compared with controls, angiotensin II increased the mean arterial pressure (median difference, 9.05 mmHg; 95% CI, 1.87-16.22; P = 0.013) and the PaO2/FiO(2) ratio (median difference, 23.17; 95% CI, 3.46-42.88; P = 0.021), and decreased the odds ratio (OR) of liver dysfunction (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.09-0.94). However, angiotensin II had no effect on lactate, urinary output, serum creatinine, C-reactive protein, platelet count, or thromboembolic complications. In patients with abnormal baseline serum creatinine, Bayesian modelling showed that angiotensin II carried a 95.7% probability of reducing the use of renal replacement therapy (RRT).Conclusions: In ventilated patients with COVID-19, angiotensin II therapy increased blood pressure and PaO2/FiO(2) ratios, decreased the OR of liver dysfunction, and appeared to decrease the risk of RRT use in patients with abnormal baseline serum creatinine. However, all of these findings are hypothesis-generating only.