Intraprocedural guidance in percutaneous mitral valve repair

Percutaneous mitral valve intervention is emerging as a valid alternative for patients affected by mitral regurgitation. By addressing the pathophysiology, therapeutic options mainly target the leaflets, annulus or left ventricle. The present review will cover the intraprocedural guidance of the most used approaches, such as edge to edge repair, adjustable transapical beating-heart chordal implantation and percutaneous direct or indirect annuloplasty. Intraprocedural monitoring relies on integration of fluoroscopy and echocardiography, and is based on the continuous communication between the interventional imager and the interventional cardiologist.