Primary enamel permeability: a SEM evaluation in Vivo

Aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the occurrence of outward fluid flow on primary tooth sound enamel surface. Methods. Sixty primary upper canines from preadolescent patients (mean age 8.0±1.9) and 24 retained primary upper canines from adult subjects (mean age 35.0±1.8). The enamel surface was gently polished and air dried for 10 s. An impression was immediately obtained by vinyl polyxiloxane. Replicas were then obtained by polyether impression material, gold coated and inspected under SEM. The hydrophobic vinyl polyxiloxane material enabled to obtain in situ a morphological image of the presence of droplets, most likely resulting from outward fluids flow through outer enamel. For each sample three different representative areas of 5µ2 in the cervical, medium and incisal third were examined and droplets presence values was recorded. All data were analyzed by by Fisher’s exact test.Results. Primary enamel showed a substantial permeability expressed as droplets discharge on its surface. Droplets distribution covered, without any specific localization, the entire enamel surface in all the samples. No signs of post-eruptive maturation with changes in droplets distribution were observed in samples from adult subjects. No statistically significant differences (P = .955) were noted in the percentage distribution of enamel area covered with droplets among the two group studied.Conclusions. SEM evaluation of droplets distribution on enamel surface indicated a substantial permeability in primary teeth, accordingly with histological features, without changes during aging and suggested a strong relationship between enamel permeability and caries susceptibility with an important clinical involvement in bonding procedures.