Recent Aspects of Sunitinib Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Clear-Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Systematic Review of the Literature

Abstract Sunitinib is an orally available inhibitor of multipletyrosine-kinase receptors approved for the treatment of advancedclear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), a disease which hashabitually had a very poor patient survival rate. Although it hasbecome themost widely used drug for this disease, it remains notcompletely clear the best treatment strategy with these agent. Theaim of this review is to highlight the most recent and interestingaspects of the research on treatment of advanced ccRCC withsunitinib and eventually determine alternative treatment scheduleto reduce the incidence of side effects; we also wanted to reviewrecent biomarkers able to predict response to therapy and also topoint out the mechanism of acquired resistance to this drug.