Response to chemotherapy in gastric adenocarcinoma with diffusion-weighted MRI and 18F-FDG-PET/CT: Correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient and partial volume corrected standardized uptake value with histological tumor regression grade

PurposeTo assess whether changes in diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) and 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), correlate with treatment response to neoadjuvant therapy (NT), as expressed by tumor regression grade (TRG), from locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma (GA).Materials and MethodsSeventeen patients underwent both DW-MRI and 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans before and after the end of NT. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and mean standardized uptake value (SUV) corrected for partial volume effect (PVC-SUVBW-mean) were evaluated and compared with histopathological TRG.ResultsPre- and post-NT and percentage changes for ADC and PVC-SUVBW-mean were assessed. Post-NT ADC and ΔADC showed a significant inverse correlation with TRG (r = −0.71; P = 0.0011 and r = −0.78; P = 0.00020, respectively) and significant differences in their mean values were found between responders (TRG 1–2-3) and nonresponders (TRG 4–5) (P = 0.0009; P = 0.000082, respectively). No correlations with TRG were found for pre-NT ADC and for all PVC-SUVBW-mean values as well as between ΔADC and Δ PVC-SUVBW-mean.ConclusionDW-MRI seems more accurate than 18F-FDG-PET/CT and ADC modifications may represent a reproducible tool to assess tumor response for GA