Unusual presentation of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in a young healthy patient: A case report

Purpose To report an unusual case of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) associated with human papilloma virus (HPV)-16 infection with an atypical morphology in a young otherwise healthy patient.Case description A 17 year-old healthy male was referred to our department for evaluation of a corneal infiltrate with anterior stromal neovascularization in the right eye. One year before, the patient underwent an excision of a corneo-conjunctival lesion that was located inferiorly in the same eye. Histopathological analysis had shown moderate and severe dysplasia of the conjunctival epithelium and resulted positive for HPV-16. We performed a diagnostic incisional biopsy of the limbal conjunctiva and of the corneal epithelium for histological examination and molecular testing for HPV and Chlamydia by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated low-grade dysplasia of conjunctiva. PCR testing of the corneal epithelium was positive for HPV-16, similarly to the first biopsy performed by another centre. The patient was successfully treated with topical interferon alfa-2b (1,000,000 IU/ml) for a total of six months. After the treatment, the corneal infiltrate improved dramatically with regression of neovascularization and improvement of corneal transparency and vision.Discussion The present report described an atypical presentation of HPV-related OSSN due to its unusual morphology, young age of onset and absence of associated comorbidity.Conclusion Conservative treatment with topical interferon-alpha 2b could be used to treat successfully HPV-16 positive OSSN, with no corneal irregularity or potential loss of vision compared to surgical excision.