Advancing Colorectal Cancer Prevention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Challenges and Innovations in Endoscopic Surveillance

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) face an elevated risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Endoscopic surveillance is a cornerstone in CRC prevention, enabling early detection and intervention. However, despite recent advancements, challenges persist. Chromoendoscopy (CE), considered the gold standard for dysplasia detection, remains underutilized due to logistical constraints, prolonged procedural times, and the need for specialized training. New technologies, such as endomicroscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), and molecular endoscopy (ME), promise unprecedented precision in lesion characterization but are limited to specialized centers. Artificial intelligence (AI) can transform the field; however, barriers to widespread AI adoption include the need for robust datasets, real-time video integration, and seamless incorporation into existing workflows. Beyond technology, patient adherence to surveillance protocols, including bowel preparation and repeat procedures, remains a critical hurdle. This review aims to explore the advancements, ongoing challenges, and future prospects in CRC prevention for IBD patients, focusing on improving outcomes and expanding the implementation of advanced surveillance technologies.