Prevalence and risk indicators of peri-implantitis in a sample of university-based dental patients in Italy: A cross-sectional study

Aim Reports regarding prevalence of peri-implant diseases show widely varying prevalence rates, which can be explained partially by variable diagnostic criteria adopted. Furthermore, several different factors have been associated with peri-implant diseases. Hence, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to (a) determine the prevalence, extent and severity of peri-implant diseases in patients enrolled in a university dental clinic and (b) to evaluate the association between peri-implantitis and patient/implant-related factors. Material and Methods A total of 237 subjects from the Dental Department of Vita-Salute San Raffaele University (Milan, Italy) with 831 implants with more than 1 year of follow-up after loading were clinically evaluated. Implants showing bleeding on probing (BOP), with or without suppuration, and/or probing pocket depth (PPD) >= 4 mm, were radiographically analysed. Demographic and clinical data were collected to evaluate by multilevel regression analysis association with peri-implantitis. Results The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis was 38.8% and 35%, respectively. Patients with a FMBS > 25%, having >= 4 implants as well as implants with plaque, PPD >= 4 mm or less than 1 mm of keratinized mucosa presented higher odds ratios for peri-implantitis. Conclusions Peri-implant diseases are frequent conditions affecting >70% of the patients. Several patient/implant-related factors may influence the risk for peri-implantitis.