Advancing Imaging to Enhance Surgery: From Image to Information Guidance

Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) has an established role as a crucial disease parameter in the multidisciplinary management of glioblastoma, guiding diagnosis, treatment planning, assessment, and follow-up. Yet, cMRI cannot provide adequate information regarding tissue heterogeneity and the infiltrative extent beyond the contrast enhancement. Advanced magnetic resonance imaging and PET and newer analytical methods are transforming images into data (radiomics) and providing noninvasive biomarkers of molecular features (radiogenomics), conveying enhanced information for improving decision making in surgery. This review analyzes the shift from image guidance to information guidance that is relevant for the surgical treatment of glioblastoma.