Survival Effect of Chemotherapy in Metastatic Upper Urinary Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

Chemotherapy (CHT) might offer a survival benefit in patients with nonsurgically treated metastatic primary upper tract urothelial carcinoma (mUTUC). We tested this hypothesis within 539 patients with mUTUC: 277 (51.4%) underwent CHT. In nonadjusted and fully adjusted Kaplan-Meier analyses, CHT was associated with better overall survival (9 vs. 2 months; P <.001 in both analyses). In multivariable Cox regression models, CHT administration independently predicted lower overall mortality (hazard ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.39; P <.001). Our analyses suggest a survival benefit of CHT in primary mUTUC.