Personalized therapy in multiple sclerosis: an Italian Delphi consensus

Objective: The increasing availability of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) may provide more personalized treatment options for multiple sclerosis (MS) based on various factors, including patients’ characteristics, prognostic indicators, comorbidities, and safety. In Italy, recent efforts focused on promoting interdisciplinary, patient-centered care and equitable access to optimized therapies, as reported in the 2023 Barometer of Multiple Sclerosis and Related Diseases from the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Association. A key challenge is ensuring equitable access to homogeneous and personalized therapeutic strategies. Materials and methods: Using a Delphi methodology, a panel of Italian neurologists with expertise in MS evaluated consensus on specific aspects of MS treatments, including personalized therapy, patient involvement in decision-making, treatment flexibility, self-management of therapies, perception of treatment efficacy and safety and therapeutic sequence management. Results: Of 166 votes, 116 statements reached consensus (68% positive, 2% negative), representing 70% of the total, whereas 50 (30%) highlighted areas of non-consensus. The findings emphasize the central role of neurologists, the importance of personalized therapy, the inclusion of patients in therapeutic choices to enhance adherence and quality of life, and managing both quality of life and caregiver burden. Most high-efficacy disease-modifying therapies (HE DMTs), like cladribine and anti-CD20 therapies, recognized for their efficacy and convenience of administration, received positive consensus, emphasizing their perceived value in individualized treatment approaches. Conclusions: This research highlights best practices and provides a roadmap for improving patient outcomes through tailored, well-communicated therapeutic strategies.